Author(s) :

Aleena Shahab Khokhar.

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

Contraception has undergone significant transformation throughout the years, evolving from rudimentary trial-and-error methods to contemporary bio-integrated technologies that shape reproductive autonomy and global health. This review traces the evolution from initial barrier methods and intrauterine devices (IUDs) to hormone delivery systems, with the emergence of implants, vaginal rings, and advanced contraceptive technologies. Analyzed from medical, technological, and social perspectives, it illustrates how scientific innovation, improved healthcare infrastructure, and supportive policies have expanded access to family planning while influencing individual future aspirations. In the future, emerging technologies such as multipurpose preventative technologies (MPTs), bioinformatics, and artificial intelligence (AI) may enhance the personalization, equity, and accessibility of birth control. Ultimately, the history of birth control reflects not only biomedical advances but also the ongoing global struggle for gender equality, reproductive rights, and health equity.