Author(s) :

Rehan Shaikh.

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

Climate change has intensified the frequency and severity of natural hazards, requiring structural engineers to develop more resilient strategies against fire, earthquake, and tornado events. This literature review examines how structural engineering is adapting to climate-driven hazards through advances in materials, Artificial Intelligence (AI) modeling, and design. Advances in materials, including shapememory alloys and high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete, improve durability and post-event recoverability, while performance-based and interdisciplinary design approaches provide more efficient multi-hazard resilience. Despite this progress, widespread implementation is limited by high costs, inconsistent global codes, retrofitting challenges, and resource constraints in developing countries. This review underscores the need for global collaboration, unified frameworks, and expanded investment to ensure equitable access to hazard-resistant technologies. Overall, the findings show that structural engineering is rapidly evolving toward more sustainable, data-driven, and adaptable solutions capable of addressing climate-driven risk.