Author(s) :

Nhan Vuong.

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have emerged as a groundbreaking therapeutic class for cancers associated with Breast Cancer gene (BRCA)1/2 mutations and other homologous recombination deficiencies. By disrupting Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) repair pathways, these agents demonstrate substantial efficacy in treating breast, ovarian, prostate, and pancreatic cancers. However, PARP inhibitors also pose risks of adverse effects, some of which may be serious or life-threatening. This review synthesizes case reports published between 2022 and 2025 documenting adverse effects associated with PARP inhibitors. Emerging evidence highlights the diverse spectrum of adverse events, including hematologic, dermatologic, gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, cardiovascular, neurologic, and pulmonary toxicities. Hematologic complications, particularly anemia, are most common, ranging from mild anemia to severe pancytopenia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Dermatologic reactions, such as erythema nodosum, cutaneous vasculitis, and Sweet syndrome, though uncommon, require timely recognition and management. Gastrointestinal, hepatic, and renal toxicities are generally manageable but occasionally severe, especially in older patients. Cardiovascular, neurologic, and pulmonary events remain rare yet clinically significant. Adverse events profiles vary across PARP inhibitors. Olaparib exhibits a broad spectrum of severity and organ systems, Niraparib frequently induces reversible cytopenia, Talazoparib shows favorable long-term tolerability but can affect neurologic, cardiovascular, or pulmonary systems, and Rucaparib is usually associated with mild hematologic effects but can also involve gastrointestinal, hepatic or renal toxicities. As PARP inhibitors are relatively new, continued pharmacovigilance remains essential to identify evolving safety concerns. Personalized risk assessment, vigilant monitoring, timely dose adjustments, and supportive care are essential for optimizing therapeutic outcomes and ensuring patient safety.