Author(s) :

Sophie Tsui.

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

Autoimmune diseases arise from immune system dysregulation and lead to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. Aberrant B cell behavior, which includes autoantibody production and epitope spreading, plays a crucial role in disease exacerbation. Traditionally, therapies like corticosteroids, methotrexate, and monoclonal antibodies show efficacy in managing symptoms. However, they often fail to achieve durable remission, leading to patients requiring lifelong treatment. Recent advancements such as Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, bispecific T cell engagers (BiTES), and Bruton’s tyrosine inhibitors (BTK) offer a novel approach for precisely targeting pathogenic immune cells, but most importantly, achieving immune reset. CAR T therapy demonstrates great potential in reducing patient reliance on immunosuppressive drugs while achieving sustained remission. This review discusses the history of autoimmune disease treatment and how the field evolves away from broad-spectrum immune suppressors towards targeted cell therapies which demonstrate curative outcomes for patients.