Author(s) :

Saanvi Vinod.

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is one of the leading causes of mortality among South Asians, who represent only 25% of the global population but account for approximately 60% of CAD cases worldwide. This disparity is attributed to both genetic predispositions and lifestyle factors that contribute to an atypical lipoprotein profile, particularly characterized by elevated Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) levels. A systematic meta-analysis was conducted using six interventional studies published between 2004 and 2024, sourced from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Elicit, to evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of ApoB as a biomarker for CAD in South Asians. Results consistently demonstrated higher ApoB concentrations and ApoB mRNA expression in individuals with severe CAD. One study by Rychlik-Sych et al. reported that women requiring coronary artery bypass grafts had significantly elevated ApoB, while men exhibited a four-fold increase in ApoB gene expression. Additionally, research from the University of Kansas Medical Center identified specific APOA1 gene polymorphisms more prevalent in South Asians, contributing to lower HDL cholesterol levels and an increased ApoB/ ApoA1 ratio—a strong predictor of cardiovascular risk. Despite its predictive value, ApoB remains underutilized in clinical settings. The discussion emphasizes the limitations of conventional lipid panels and argues for the integration of Apolipoprotein-100 tests and targeted therapies to enhance early detection and intervention. Ultimately, the study advocates for a shift toward ethnicity-specific cardiovascular care, where the inclusion of ApoB as a core biomarker could significantly reduce CAD burden in South Asian communities and lead to more equitable health outcomes.