Author(s) :

Sharanya Singh.

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

Alzheimer’s disease ranks as one of the gravest health threats facing humanity today. This disease progressively impairs memory, cognition, and neuronal integrity in millions worldwide and inflicts severe personal and social loss. Its profound impact, notably, has elevated it to a top priority in biomedical research. However, established models, including animal studies and two-dimensional cell cultures, often fall short and are unable to replicate the human brain’s complexity in both structure and function. Consequently, clinical trial failure rates remain high. This review examines the transformative role of emerging technologies in Alzheimer’s disease research, focusing on brain organoids and organ-on-chip systems. By generating brain organoids from human pluripotent stem cells, researchers can develop pathological features in a three-dimensional context. These models reveal features such as amyloidbeta deposition, tau pathology, and synaptic dysfunction. In parallel, organ-on-chip platforms utilize microfluidic systems to simulate physiological conditions. This enables the study of cellular interactions, including those involving the blood–brain barrier. By integrating these approaches, researchers acquire more relevant human models. This combined strategy deepens mechanistic insight and enhances drugscreening accuracy. It also brings new opportunities to explore innovative treatment methods. With such tools in hand, early disease processes can be investigated—sometimes even before clinical symptoms emerge. However, challenges remain, including limited tissue complexity and enduring technical issues. Nonetheless, as progress continues steadily, these prototypes are becoming increasingly practical. Such advances bring significant potential for Alzheimer’s disease research. They offer hope for earlier diagnosis, improved treatments, and more individualized care.