Author(s) :

Wenxi Weng.

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

Aspartame is a widely used non-nutritive sweetener approved for use in food for decades. Although multiple reviews have examined artificial sweeteners and metabolism, few have specifically focused on gastrointestinal mechanisms and microbiota responses. Potential gastrointestinal effects of aspartame consumption remain unclear and sometimes contradictory. This review uniquely synthesizes recent evidence (2011–2025) to clarify both adverse and potentially beneficial effects of aspartame on gut health, with a few earlier studies included as background evidence. Current studies indicate that aspartame alters gut microbiota, with downstream consequences including metabolic dysfunction, irritable bowel syndrome, and possible anti-inflammatory effects. Some studies report that aspartame may compromise epithelial integrity under certain experimental conditions, although more recent evidence has shown no clear association. Meta-analyses suggest potential protective effects, while concerns persist regarding carcinogenic byproducts such as formaldehyde. Given heterogeneity across studies and reliance on animal or in vitro models, definitive conclusions cannot be drawn. This review highlights the need for standardized human studies to resolve inconsistencies, clarify dose-dependent and long-term outcomes of aspartame consumption, and guide dietary recommendations.