Author(s) :

Irmak Özkaya.

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

Melanoma remains a major global health concern due to its high mortality rate and resistance to conventional therapies. While standard approaches such as surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and radiation are effective in early stages, they are insufficient in cases of advanced disease. Personalized medicine, which tailors interventions to the unique molecular and immunological profile of each tumor, has transformed melanoma management. Molecular profiling has identified key driver mutations, including BRAF and NRAS, as biomarkers guiding targeted therapies. In parallel, immunotherapies, and particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors, have significantly improved survival, although resistance remains a major challenge. Combination strategies, such as pairing immunotherapy with targeted therapy or radiotherapy, have been explored to enhance treatment efficacy and overcome resistance, but their safety profiles require further evaluation. Collectively, these advances demonstrate that personalized medicine has shifted the field of melanoma treatment and will continue to play a central role in improving patient outcomes. This review aims to summarize recent advances in personalized medicine for melanoma, with a particular focus on molecular profiling, targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and combination strategies.