Author(s) :

Nyshita Chalasani.

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by both genetic and environmental factors. The Contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CNTNAP2) gene, critical for neural development, has been associated with ASD, particularly when its expression is disrupted. Prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA), a teratogenic anticonvulsant, furthers this risk by altering CNTNAP2 expression during pregnancy. This review explores how CNTNAP2 function and VPA exposure interact to influence ASD development, with an emphasis on interactions between the environment and genetics. Potential therapeutic approaches, including gene therapy, HDAC inhibitors, and dietary interventions, offer hope for these effects. However, there are gaps in research, particularly in long-term outcomes and personalized treatments. This paper demonstrates the importance for targeted therapies addressing the intersection between genetics and environmental factors.